The mahogany tree (Swietenia mahagoni) is a large tropical tree with a semievergreen growth habit. Mahogany trees produce broad, spreading growth with foliage that can span 50 feet in width and 75 feet in height at maturity. The mahogany is a tropical tree that grows in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 10a through 11.
GROWTH FORM
A mahogany tree’s foliage forms a roughly symmetrical, round canopy. Although the tree grows from a single trunk, the main trunk branches off into several large stems that spread out and up from the main trunk starting 4 to 8 feet above the ground. Mahogany trees have a moderate to fast rate of growth compared to other trees. It is a deciduous tree that drops its leaves late in the spring during dry weather. The leaves are quickly replaced, but a large tree can create a considerable amount of leaf litter.
PROPAGATION
The mahogany tree is usually propagated from seed. The seeds are formed in fruit that develop through the summer, fall and winter months. In late spring, around the time that the tree’s leaves drop, the fruit splits open into five sections. The fruits release winged seeds roughly 2 inches long that are dispersed into the area around the tree by the wind.
GROWTH REQUIREMENTS
The mahogany tree grows best in areas exposed to direct sunlight throughout the day; however, it can also tolerate partially shaded locations. The best soil for growing mahogany trees is well-drained, with a comparatively high concentration of organic matter. Mahogany trees can tolerate soils that are mildly acidic or alkaline, and they grow well near coastal areas that are exposed to salt spray. The mahogany tree also has a high tolerance for drought and does not perform well in locations where the soil is consistently wet.
PESTS
The mahogany tree suffers from a number of pests, including tent caterpillars, webworm, leaf notcher, scale insects, leaf miners and tip moth. Wood-boring insects can also pose a problem in trees that are under stress from poor nutrition or dehydration. In most cases these pests cause only cosmetic damage and do not pose a significant threat to a healthy tree.
CONSIDERATIONS
The mahogany tree’s large spread of growth can cause problems if it is planted too close to buildings or power lines. It should be planted at least 20 to 25 feet from buildings. The root system of the mahogany grows aggressively near the surface and can damage paved surfaces up to 5 or 6 feet away from the base of the trunk.
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